Accounting Competition - Lomba Poster Akuntansi Antar SMA/ SMK se - Jawwa Bali

LOMBA POSTER AKUNTANSI ANTAR SMA/SMK se-Jawa dan Bali 2013

Perlombaan terdiri atas sesi I, sesi II, dan sesi III. Dari Lomba Poster ini akan diambil 4 pemenang, yaitu Juara 1, Juara 2, dan Juara 3 serta Juara Poster Favorit.

1. Sesi I dimulai dari tanggal 22 Maret 2013 (batas pengumpulan softcopy poster) – 5 April 2013 (pengumuman 15 besar). Pelaksanaannya adalah dengan seleksi Poster dari 30 Tim menjadi 15 Tim. Penilaian dilakukan oleh Tim Juri. 
2. Sesi II dilaksanakan pada tanggal 13 April. Lima belas tim yang lolos sesi I akan berpresentasi di depan juri dan Tim Lawan. Dari sesi II ini akan diambil 6 Tim untuk melaju ke sesi III. Penilaian ditentukan oleh Juri yang berada di dalam kelas bersangkutan.
3. Sesi III dilaksanakan pada tanggal 13 April. Keenam tim yang lolos dari sesi II akan berpresentasi di depan Tim Juri. Dari 6 Tim di sesi III akan di ambil 3 Juara (Juara 1, Juara 2, dan Juara 3). Penilaian dilakukan oleh Tim Juri.
4. Penentuan Juara Poster Favorit ditentukan dengan voting online mulai 6 April 2013 – 13 April 2013 pukul 12.00 WIB. Poster dengan vote terbanyak akan menjadi Juara Poster Favorit.

PELAKSANAAN
1. Publikasi/ Pengumuman Perlombaan Mulai 28 Januari 2013
2. Pendaftaran, Pembuatan Poster & Pengiriman Poster 28 Januari – 22 Maret 2013
4. Seleksi Poster yang lolos ke sesi II oleh Tim Juri. 22 Maret – 04 April 2013
5. Pengumuman kepada 15 besar Poster Terbaik yang lolos ke SESI II 05 April 2013
6. Regristasi ulang 15 besar dan persiapan peserta untuk presentasi pada sesi II 05 – 12 April 2013
7. Presentasi Peserta 13 April 2013
8. Penetapan Pemenang 13 April 2013
9. Pengumuman dan Penyerahan Hadiah Pemenang 13 April 2013

Ketentuan pendaftaran peserta Lomba Poster Akuntansi antar SMA/SMK se-Jawa dan Bali 2013, yaitu:

1. Pendaftaran dilaksanakan pada :

Hari : Senin – Jumat
Tanggal : 28 Januari – 22 Maret 2013
Waktu : 08.00 s/d 16.00
Tempat : STIE PERBANAS SURABAYA
Sekretariat HMJA, Jl. Nginden Semolo 34-36 Surabaya.

Biaya pendaftaran pada saat :

Sesi I : Rp 50.000,00 (Seleksi tahap awal)
Sesi II : Rp 100.000,00 (jika telah lolos dari sesi I)
Biaya pendaftaran dapat dilakukan dengan transfer melalui :
No. Rekening : 142.00.0747771.3
Atas Nama : Rizal Bagus Setiawan
Bank : Mandiri

Pembayaran melalui transfer harus ATAS NAMA SEKOLAH, bila tidak, maka dianggap belum melakukan pendaftaran dan uang akan dikembalikan oleh panitia.

Pembayaran melalui transfer harus disertai dengan konfirmasi, jika tidak ada konfirmasi, maka panitia menganggap tidak ada pendaftaran.

Peserta adalah pelajar SMA/SMK se-Jawa dan Bali. 

Economics Competition - Lomba Karya Tulis Ilmiah (LKTI) SMA/ SMA/ MA se - Jawa Bali

Lomba Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengasah kemampuan berpikir dan memberikan kesempatan kepada Generasi Muda untuk mengungkapkan ide maupun gagasan berbagai persoalan aktual dalam bentuk tulisan, yang dapat bermanfaat bagi Perkembangan Dunia Perbankan dan perekonomian Nasional.

Tema Lomba Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini adalah :

”Strategi Unggul Perbankan Indonesia menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA)” 
Sub Tema : Bank Syariah vs Bank Konvensional

Peserta 
Pelajar SMA/SMK/MA, Individu/berkelompok yang terdiri dari 3 orang dan melampirkan Kartu Pelajar atau identitas diri sejenis Surat Keterangan dari Kepala Sekolah. Setiap peserta/ tim hanya boleh mengirimkan 1 (satu) Karya Tulis Ilmiah.

Hadiah
Semua karya tulis akan diambil 3 pemenang dengan hadiah masing-masing sebesar :
Juara I : Rp 2.500.000 + Trophy + Sertifikat
Juara II : Rp 2.000.000 + Trophy + Sertifikat
Juara III : Rp 1.500.000 + Trophy + Sertifikat

JADWAL PELAKSANAAN
1. Publikasi/ Pengumuman Perlombaan Mulai 28 Januari 2013
2. Pembuatan Karya Tulis Ilmiah & Pemasukan Pengiriman Karya Tulis Ilmiah 28 Januari – 16 Maret 2013
4. Seleksi Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah terbaik oleh Tim Juri. 16 Maret – 04 April 2013
5. Pengumuman dan pengiriman surat pemberitahuan kepada 6 besar Penulis Karya Tulis Ilmiah terbaik. 06 April 2013
6. Persiapan peserta untuk presentasi 06 – 13 April 2013
7. Presentasi Peserta 14 April 2013
8. Penetapan Pemenang 14 April 2013
9. Pengumuman dan Penyerahan Hadiah Pemenang 14 April 2013

PENYERAHAN NASKAH
Peserta terlebih dahulu mengkonfirmasi registrasi pendaftaran Lomba Karya Tulis Ilmiah pada Panitia dengan menghubungi :
bagian Humas :
1. Freesi Friana (087853522888)
2. Ganang Setiawan (085649469200)
Setelah konfirmasi pendaftaran, peserta dapat langsung mengirimkan Karya Tulisnya ke alamat berikut :
- Sekretariat Panitia LKTI SMA/SMK/MA Se-Jawa Bali 2013 :
HMJ-Manajemen STIE Perbanas Surabaya
Jl. Nginden Semolo No. 34-36 Surabaya 60118

Economics Competition - Lomba Karya Ilmiah Remaja (LKIR)

http://kompetisi.lipi.go.id/lkir45/ »

Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) akan menyelenggarakan Lomba Karya Ilmiah Remaja (LKIR) Ke-45 Tahun 2013. LKIR merupakan ajang kompetisi ilmiah bagi siswa SMP dan SMA atau sederajat berusia 12-19 tahun. Kompetisi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kemampuan mereka dalam menganalisa permasalahan dan mencari solusi yang tepat melalui penelitian dan aplikasi ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Setiap peserta harus mengikuti semua persyaratan yang tercantum pada informasi di bawah ini sebelum membuat scientific paper / karya tulis ilmiah.

Persyaratan

1. Siswa SMP dan SMA atau sederajat, berusia 12-19 tahun terhitung pada tanggal 1 Oktober 2013.
2. Perorangan atau kelompok maksimal 2 (dua) orang.
3. Belum pernah menjadi pemenang LKIR dalam kurun waktu dua tahun terakhir.
4. Melampirkan surat keterangan/rekomendasi dari sekolah/instansi terkait dan daftar riwayat hidup yang berisi: nama lengkap, jenis kelamin, tempat dan tanggal lahir, alamat, sekolah/instansi, nomor telepon/HP, dan email serta diketahui oleh orangtua atau wali.

Bidang Penelitian

1. Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK), meliputi Umum dan Kependudukan
2. Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA)
3. Ilmu Pengetahuan Teknik dan Rekayasa (IPT)

Panduan Penulisan Proposal

1. Judul bebas (dalam konteks obyek bidang penelitian).
2. Materi merupakan proposal penelitian yang akan dilaksanakan dengan metode ilmiah dan ditulis sesuai dengan kaidah penulisan yang benar, memakai template yang telah ditentukan meliputi:
• Judul dan nama penulis dalam 1 (satu) halaman.
• Penulisan abstrak tidak lebih dari 300 kata.
• Substansi: pendahuluan, masalah yang akan diteliti, hal baru yang diajukan terkait masalah, metode yang akan dilakukan sebagai justifikasi terkait masalah, kesimpulan, referensi.
• Daftar riwayat hidup setiap peserta.
• Format judul dan abstrak dapat diunduh melalui situs LKIR 2013 http://kompetisi.lipi.go.id/lkir45
3. Proposal Penelitian belum menjadi Karya Tulis Ilmiah.
4. Diketik dengan jarak 1½ spasi, jenis huruf Arial, ukuran huruf 11, menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar.
5. Untuk bidang IPSK, dibagi 2 sub bidang yaitu Umum dan Kependudukan. Sub bidang Umum meliputi ekonomi, politik, dan budaya. Sub bidang Kependudukan meliputi penduduk dan pembangunan, jumlah dan pertumbuhan penduduk, penduduk usia produktif, generasi muda, serta urbanisasi dan pengembangan kota.
6. Proposal penelitian dikirimkan secara elektronik melalui situs LKIR 2013 diterima oleh panitia selambat-lambatnya tanggal 4 Mei 2013.
7. Panduan dan informasi lomba dapat dilihat melalui situs LKIR 2013.
8. Pengumuman proposal penelitian yang disetujui akan dilakukan pembimbingan oleh LIPI, diinformasikan pada tanggal 31 Mei 2013 melalui situs LIPI di bagian pengumuman.
9. Proses pembimbingan proposal penelitian akan dilakukan oleh Pembimbing yang ditentukan oleh LIPI.
10. Kegiatan pembimbingan penelitian proposal yang telah disetujui akan dilakukan dalam periode 10 Juni – 10 September 2013.
11. Finalis akan diundang ke Jakarta untuk pameran dan presentasi. Bagi finalis kelompok, yang diundang hanya Peneliti Utama (berada di urutan pertama) untuk mewakili kelompoknya. Pengumuman finalis dapat dilihat melalui situs LKIR 2012 pada tanggal 19 September 2013.
12. Panitia berhak menyebarluaskan/mensosialisasikan karya tulis dan alat peraga yang diperlombakan melalui berbagai media.
13. Peserta wajib menyerahkan karya tulis dan alat peraga yang diperlombakan kepada LIPI untuk disebarluaskan/disosialisasikan melalui berbagai media.
14. Keputusan Dewan Juri tidak dapat diganggu gugat.

CHAPTER 2

TYPES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY

Levels of economic activity

In order for products to be made and sold to the people, it must undergo 3 different production processes. Each process is done by a different business sector and they are:

·         Primary sector: The natural resources extraction sector. E.g. farming, forestry, mining... (earns the least money)

·         Secondary sector: The manufacturing sector. E.g. construction, car manufacturing, baking... (earns a medium amount of money)

·         Tertiary sector: The service sector. E.g. banks, transport, insurance...(earns the most money)

·         Importance of a sector in a country:

·         Number of workers employed.

·         Value of output and sales.

Industrialization: a country is moving from the primary sector to the secondary sector.

De-industrialization: a country is moving from the secondary sector to the tertiary sector.

In both cases, these processes both earn the country more revenue.

Types of economies

Free market economy:

All businesses are owned by the private sector. No government intervention.

Pros:

·         Consumers have a lot of choice

·         High motivation for workers

·         Competition keeps prices low

·         Incentive for other businesses to set up and make profits

Cons:

·         Not all products will be available for everybody, especially the poor

·         No government intervention means uncontrollable economic booms or recessions

·         Monopolies could be set up limiting consumer choice and exploiting them

Command/Planned economy:

All businesses are owned by the public sector. Total government intervention. Fixed wages for everyone. Private property is not allowed.

Pros:

·         Eliminates any waste from competition between businesses (e.g. advertising the same product)

·         Employment for everybody

·         All needs are met (although no luxury goods)

Cons:

·         Little motivation for workers

·         The government might produce things people don't want to buy

·         Low incentive for firms (no profit) leads to low efficiency

Mixed economy:

Businesses belong to both the private and public sector. Government controls part of the economy.

Industries under government ownership:

·         health

·         education

·         defense

·         public transport

·         water & electricity

Privatization

Privatization involves the government selling national businesses to the private sector to increase output and efficiency.

Pros:

·         New incentive (profit) encourages the business to be more efficient

·         Competition lowers prices

·         Individuals have more capital than the government

·         Business decisions are for efficiency, not government popularity

·         Privatization raises money for the government

Cons:

·         Essential businesses making losses will be closed

·         Workers could be made redundant for the sake of profit

·         Businesses could become monopolies, leading to higher price

Comparing the size of businesses

Businesses vary in size, and there are some ways to measure them. For some people, this information could be very useful:

·         Investors - how safe it is to invest in businesses

·         Government - tax

·         Competitors - compare their firm with other firms

·         Workers - job security, how many people they will be working with

·         Banks - can they get a loan back from a business?

Ways of measuring the size of a business:

·         Number of employees. Does not work on capital intensive firms that use machinery.

·         Value of output. Does not take into account people employed. Does not take into account sales revenue.

·         Value of sales. Does not take into account people employed.

·         Capital employed. Does not work on labor intensive firms. High capital but low output means low efficiency.

You cannot measure a business size by its profit, because profit depends on too many factors not just the size of the firm.

Business Growth

All owners want their businesses to expand. They reap these benefits:

·         Higher profits

·         More status, power and salary for managers

·         Low average costs (economies of scale)

·         Higher market share

Types of expansion:

·         Internal Growth: Organic growth. Growth paid for by owner’s capital or retained profits.

·         External Growth: Growth by taking over or merging with another business.

Types of Mergers (and main benefits):

a.    Horizontal Merger: merging with a business in the same business sector.

·         Reduces no. of competitors in industry

·         Economies of scale

·         Increase market share

b.    Vertical merger:

1. Forward vertical merger:

·         Assured outlet for products

·         Profit made by retailer is absorbed by manufacturer

·         Prevent retailer from selling products of other businesses

·         Market research on customers transferred directly to the manufacturer

2. Backward vertical merger:

·         Constant supply of raw materials

·         Profit from primary sector business is absorbed by manufacturer

·         Prevent supplier from supplying other businesses

·         Controlled cost of raw materials

c.    Conglomerate merger:

·         Spreads risks

·         Transfer of new ideas from one section of the business to another

Why some businesses stay small:

There are some reasons why some businesses stay small. They are:

·         Type of industry the business is in: Industries offering personal service or specialized products. They cannot grow bigger because they will lose the personal service demanded by customers. E.g. hairdressers, cleaning, convenience store, etc.

·         Market size: If the size of the market a business is selling to be too small, the business cannot expand. E.g. luxury cars (Lamborghini), expensive fashion clothing, etc.

·         Owner’s objectives: Owners might want to keep a personal touch with staff and customers. They do not want the increased stress and worry of running a bigger business.

Chapter 1. The Purpose of Business Activity

CHAPTER 1

THE PURPOSE OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY

The economics problem: needs and wants.

Basically, all humans have needs and wants. Needs are things we can't live without, while wants are simply our desires that we can live without. We all have unlimited wants, which is true, since all of us want a new PC, a car, new graphics card, etc. that we actually do not need to live. Businesses produce goods and services to satisfy needs and wants.

Although we have unlimited wants, there are not enough resources for everyone. Resources can be split into 4 factors of production, which are:

-       Land: All natural resources used to make a product or service.

-       Labor: The effort of workers required to make a product or service.

-       Capital: Finance, machinery and equipment required to make a product or service.

-       Enterprise: Skill and risk-taking ability of the entrepreneur.

Entrepreneurs are people who combine these factors of production to make a product.

With these discussed, let’s move on to the economic problem. The economic problem results from limited resources and unlimited wants. This situation causes scarcity, when there are not enough goods to satisfy the wants for everybody. Because of this, we will have to choose which wants we will satisfy (that will be of more benefit to us) and which we will not when buying things. For any choice, you will have to would have obtained if you didn't spend that money. For example, you would have got a book if you didn't buy the pen, or you would have a burger if you didn't buy the chips. Basically, item that you didn't buy is the opportunity cost. Make sure that the opportunity cost isn't higher than what you bought!

"Opportunity cost: the next best alternative given up by choosing another item."

Here is a diagram showing the whole economic problem:

 

Division of labor/Specialization

Because there are limited resources, we need to use them the most efficient way possible. Therefore, we now use production methods that are as fast as possible and as efficient (costs less, earns more) as possible. The main production method that we are using nowadays is known as specialization, or division of labor.

"Division of Labor/Specialization is when the production process is split up into different tasks and each specialized worker/ machine performs one of these tasks."

Pros:

·         Specialized workers are good at one task and increases efficiency and output.

·         Less time is wasted switching jobs by the individual.

·         Machinery also helps all jobs and can be operated 24/7.

Cons

·         Boredom from doing the same job lowers efficiency.

·         No flexibility because workers can only do one job and cannot do others well if needed.

·         If one worker is absent and no-one can replace him, the production process stops.

Why is business activity needed? (Summary)

- Provides goods and services from limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants.

- Scarcity results from limited resources and unlimited wants.

- Choice is necessary for scarce resources. This leads to opportunity costs.

- Specialization is required to make the most out of resources.

Business activity:

1.    Combine factors of production to create goods and services.

2.    Goods and services satisfy people’s wants.

3.    Employs people and pays them wages so they can consume other products.

 

Business Objectives:

All businesses have aims or objectives to achieve. Their aims can vary depending on their type of business or these can change depending on situations. The most common objectives are:

1.    Profit: Profit is what keeps a company going and is the main aim of most businesses. Normally a business will try to obtain a satisfactory level of profits so they do not have to work long hours or pay too much tax.

2.    Increase added value: Value added is the difference between the price and material costs of a product. E.g. If the price when selling a pen is $3 and it costs $1 in material, the value added would be $2. However, this does not take into account overheads and taxes. Added value could be increased by working on products so that they become more expensive finished products. One easy example of this is a mobile phone with a camera would sell for much more than one without it. Of course, you will need to pay for the extra camera but as long as prices rise more than costs, you get more profit.

3.    Growth: Growth can only be achieved when customers are satisfied with a business. When businesses grow they create more jobs and make them more secure when a business is larger. The status and salary of managers are increased. Growth also means that a business is able to spread risks by moving to other markets, or it is gaining a larger market share. Bigger businesses also gain cost advantages, called economies of scale.

4.    Survival: If a business do not survive, its owners lose everything. Therefore, businesses need to focus on this objective the most when they are: starting up, competing with other businesses, or in an economic recession.

5.    Service to the community: This is the primary goal for most government owned businesses. They plan to produce essential products to everybody who need them.

These business objectives can conflict because different people in a business want different things at different times.

Stakeholders:

Stakeholders are a person or a group which has interest in a business for various reasons and will be directly affected by its decisions. Stakeholders also have different objectives and these also conflict over time.

There are two 6 types of stakeholders, and these types can be classified into two groups with similar interests.

Group 1: Profit/Money

a. Owners:

1.    Profit, return on capital.

2.    Growth, increase in value of business.

b. Workers

1.    High salaries.

2.    Job security.

3.    Job satisfaction.

c. Managers

1.    High salaries.

2.    Job security.

3.    Growth of business so they get more power, status, and salary.

Group 2: Value

a. Customers

1.    Safe products.

2.    High quality.

3.    Value for money.

4.    Reliability of service and maintenance.

b. Government

1.    Employment.

2.    Taxes.

3.    National output/GDP increase.

c. Community

1. Employment.
2. Security.
3. Business does not pollute the environment.
4. Safe products that are socially responsible.